Digital Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Preparedness of Dentists towards Providing Dental Treatment to People Living with HIV in Northern Brazil.

People living with HIV (PLWH) continue to face stigma and discrimination during dental treatment in Brazil. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, educational and professional characteristics of dentists working in the Northern Brazilian region and to identify the level of knowledge of these health professionals in relation to the care and management of PLWH using a digital form. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was population-based among dentists and was conducted between July and December 2021. A total of 396 dentists were invited using the "snowball" sampling technique and received an anonymous digital form (Google® Forms platform) composed of four blocks of dichotomous and multiple-choice questions. After signing the informed consent form, dentists were divided into seven groups according to the amount of time that had passed (in years) since they had completed their bachelor's degree in dentistry. A total of 25 questions referring to sociodemographic, educational and professional factors and knowledge about the dental care of PLWH were asked, and all data were presented as descriptive percentages and then analyzed using the Kappa test. RESULTS: The average age was 31.9 years, and the states of Pará and Amazonas presented better knowledge about the dental care of PLWH. Dental prostheses (62/381-16.3%), orthodontics (57/381-15%) and periodontics (56/381-14.7%) were the most cited dental specialties, and demographic, professional and epidemiological characteristics showed a statistically significant difference regarding knowledge (<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of dentists in Northern Brazil is partially high, although there is some lack of knowledge about the dental care of PLWH.

Digital Form for Assessing Dentistry Undergraduates Regarding Periodontal Disease Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background: Throughout recent years, periodontal disease (PD) has been linked to innumerable medical systemic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This association could negatively impact oral health, so the knowledge of dentists who have graduated must follow modern dentistry in order to promote oral health, mainly in systemically compromised patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine and evaluate the knowledge level of dentistry undergraduate students (DUS) regarding the correct periodontal treatment and management of cardiac patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional and populational-based study was conducted between March and June 2022 in northern Brazil. A total of 153 DUS received an anonymous digital form (Google Forms Platform) using a non-probabilistic "snowball" sampling technique. The digital form was composed of four blocks of dichotomous and multiple-choice questions. After signing the informed consent term, DUS were divided into three groups according to their period/semester in dentistry graduation during the study time (G1: 1st period/semester; G2: 5th period/semester and G3: 10th period/semester). A total of 25 questions referring to demographic, educational and knowledge data about the dental and periodontal care of cardiac patients with PD were asked, and all data were presented as descriptive percentages and then analyzed using the Kappa test. Results: From a total of 153 (100%) DUS, the sample was mostly composed of 104 (68%) female participants, with an average age of 21.1 years. Regarding basic knowledge, the majority of answers were no, with G1 being higher than G2 and G3. Regarding clinical questions, 1247 (58.3%) answers were no. Additionally, regarding fundamental clinical questions 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 14, the majority of G1, G2 and G3 answered no, demonstrating a major lack of knowledge. Conclusions: In our study, DUS demonstrated a low knowledge level of the dental and periodontal care of cardiac patients with PD and its bi-directional link. Thus, according to our results, an improvement in dentistry educational programs regarding periodontal medicine must be implemented.

Localized Necrotizing Periodontitis: A Possible Oral Manifestation of COVID-19

We investigated an unusual report of localized necrotizing periodontitis coinfection in patients with mild COVID-19. Male patient, 30 years old, with previous medical history of hypovitaminosis, immunized with two doses of the Pfizer® vacci ne, attended in a dental college in northern Brazil with an acute dental emergency reporting itching, halitosis, intense gingival p ain and spontaneous bleeding, mild fever of 37.8ºC, dry cough, muscle pain and nausea. Metronidazole and chlorhexidine were prescribed to improve the necrotizing condition, to treat periodontitis scaling and root planing (SRP) were performed associated with chlo rhexidine irrigation and oral hygiene instructions, which treated the patients conditions. COVID-19 coinfections are possible, specially, oral bacterial infections which is demonstrated in this report, so correct treatment is necessary for both infections. This letter d escribes the first known occurrence of severe localized necrotizing periodontitis in the urban area of Brazil's Amazon region.

Investigamos un reporte inusual de coinfección de periodontitis necrotizante localizada en pacientes con COVID-19 con síntomas leves: Paciente masculino, de 30 años, con antecedentes médicos de hipovitaminosis, inmunizado con dos dosis de la vacuna Pfizer®, atendido en una facultad de odontología en el norte Brasil, con urgencia dental aguda reportando prurito, halitosis, dolor gingival intenso y sangrado espontáneo, fiebre leve de 37,8 ºC, tos seca, mialgias y náuseas. Se prescribió metronidazol y clorhexidina para mejorar el cuadro necrosante, para tratar la periodontitis se realizó raspado y alisado radicular (SRP) asociado a irrigación con clorhexidina e instrucciones de higiene oral. Las coinfecciones por COVID- 19 son posibles, especialmente las infecciones bacterianas orales, lo cual se demuestra en este reporte, por lo que es necesario un correcto tratamiento de ambas infecciones. Esta carta describe la primera aparición conocida de periodontitis necrotizante severa de un paciente del área urbana de la región amazónica de Brasil.

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Lippia Thymoide essential oil in oral pathogens

Aim: This study evaluated the chemical composition of Lippia thymoides (Lt) essential oil and its antimicrobial activity against fungal strains of Candida albicans (Ca) and Gram-negative bacteria Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). Methods: Lt essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation apparatus with a modified Clevenger extension. The chemical analysis was analyzed by gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry on Shimadzu QP 2010 plus. Sample sensitivity evaluation was performed by ABHb-inoculum and culture plates were developed with triphenyltetrazolium chloride, also Fn and Pi samples analysis were in anaerobic environment and Ca sample analysis was performed in aerobic environment. The minimum inhibitory concentration (CIM) was determinated by microdilution in eppendorfs tubes. Results: The chemical analysis showed that Thymol (59,91%) is the main compound found in Lt essential oil, also other antifungal and antimicrobial agents were present γ-terpinene (8.16%), p-cymene (7.29%) and ß-caryophyllene (4.49%), Thymol is a central ingredient of many medicinal plants and has a potent fungicidal, bactericidal and antioxidant activity, it has been previously shown to have anti-inflammatory activity against Periodontal Disease (PD) cause can reduces prostanoids, interleukins, leukotrienes levels in periodontium. CIM result Pi was 6.5 µg/mL, Fn was 1.5 µg/mL and Ca was 0.19 µg/mL. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of L. thymoides, through the compound Thymol, has been shown promising potential against gram-negative periodontopathogenic bacteria and fungi whose therapeutic arsenal is still very restricted

Doença de Alzheimer como fator de risco à doença periodontal: uma revisão de literatura / Alzheimer's disease as a risk factor to periodontal disease: a literature review

Introdução: A medicina periodontal é a área da periodontia que investiga a interação fisiológica e patológica entre a saúde do periodonto e/ou a Doença Periodontal na saúde sistêmica do individuo. Atualmente estudos evidenciaram possíveis correlações entre a Doença Periodontal e o Alzheimer, nestes trabalhos os autores consideram que estas patologias dividem fatores de risco e/ou modificadores em comum podendo haver uma relação bidirecional entres estas. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura para descrever uma correlação entre o Alzheimer e a doença periodontal através dos fatores pro-inflamatórios, imunológicos e periodontopatogênicos. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca na literatura nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, PubMed, EBSCO e Scielo, contendo artigos científicos de 2000 até 2019, nos idiomas inglês e português usando os termos de pesquisa e descritores: "Periodontite Crônica" E/OU "Doença de Alzheimer" E/OU "Microbiologia periodontal" E/OU "Citocinas", como critérios de inclusão tivemos estudos de caso-controle, case series e estudos clínicos com criteriosa metodologia, aspectos metodológicos bem organizados estruturalmente e protocolos de pesquisa bem delineados. Conclusão: Consideramos que periodontistas e cirurgiões-dentistas devem estar atentos as possíveis associações entre o Alzheimer e a doença periodontal e durante os atendimentos estar atento aos sinais e sintomas do Alzheimer e orientar a pacientes, familiares e cuidadores quanto a correta higienização bucal, prevenção e tratamento da doença periodontal. (AU)

Introduction: Periodontal medicine is the area of periodontics that investigates the physiological and pathological interaction between periodontal health and / or periodontal disease in the individual's systemic health. Currently, studies have shown possible correlations between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's, in these studies, the authors consider that these pathologies divide risk factors and / or modifiers in common, and there may be a bidirectional relationship between them. Objective: To perform a literature review to describe a correlation between Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease through pro-inflammatory, immunological and periodontopathogenic factors. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in the databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO and Scielo, containing scientific articles from 2000 to 2019, in the English and Portuguese languages using the search terms and descriptors: "Chronic Periodontitis" E / OR "Alzheimer's Disease" AND / or "Periodontal Microbiology" AND / or "Cytokines", as inclusion criteria we had case-control studies, case series and clinical studies with methodological criteria, well structured methodological aspects and research protocols well outlined. Conclusion: We believe that periodontists and dental surgeons should be aware of the possible associations between Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease, and during the visits to be alert to the signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and to guide patients, family members and caregivers about correct oral hygiene, prevention and treatment of periodontal disease (AU)

Creeping attachment após enxerto gengival livre: relato de caso / Creeping attachment after autogenous free gingival grafting: case report

Introdução: As técnicas de enxerto gengival livre têm como principal objetivo a criação/aumento da faixa de mucosa ceratinizada. Quando se utiliza o tratamento químico da raiz e o correto posicionamento do enxerto no leito receptor podem acarretar em um fenômeno incomumdenominado de Creeping Attachment. Objetivo: descreverum caso de recobrimento radicular apósum enxerto gengival livre e Creeping Attachment. Relato do caso: Paciente sexo masculino, 28 anos de idade, não fumante e sem alterações sistêmicas apresentouse a faculdade de odontologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinacom a queixa principal de comprometimento estético e hipersensibilidade dentinária na região anterior-inferior. No exame clínico verificou-se uma recessão gengival unitária no dente 41, classificada como classe I de Miller. Logo indicou-se a cirurgia de enxerto gengival livre, obtido da região de palato duro, visandouma melhora estética efuncional, bem como a remissão da hipersensibilidade. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados clínicos podemos concluir que o enxerto gengival livre é uma técnica previsível e de fácil realização para o aumentoda faixa de mucosa queratinizada para posterior recobrimento radicular, contudo apesar de incomum o fenômeno Creeping Attachment deve ser esperado como alternativa a etapade recobrimento radicular. (AU)

Introduction: Free gingival graft techniques have as main objective the creation / increase of the keratinized mucosa band. When using the chemical treatment of the root surfaceand the correct positioning of the graft in the recipiente bed can lead to anuncommon phenomenon calledCreeping Attachment. Objective: This scientific paper describes a clinical case of root coverage after a free gingival graft and Creeping Attachment. Case Report: A 28-year-old male patient, non-smoker, was assisted in the Federal University of Santa Catarina by students and teachers of dentistry presented the main complaint the aesthetic impairment and dentin hypersensitivity in the anterior region of the jaw. In the clinical examination was observed an unitary gingival recession in tooth 41, classified as Miller class I. The gingival graft surgery, obtained from the hard palate region, was then indicated to improve the esthetic and functional condition, as well as to promove the end of symptoms of hypersensitivity. Conclusion: Inview of the clinical results we can conclude that the free gingival graft is a predictable and easy to perform technique to increase the line of keratinized mucosa for the subsequent root coverage. However, although the Creeping Attachment phenomenon is uncommon, it should be expected as an alternative to the root coverage (AU)

Absence of cytomegalovirus in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in HIV-1 patients in Northern Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the progression of chronic periodontitis in HIV patients is poorly investigated. METHODS: ELISA was used for anti-CMV antibody IgG titer measurements and real-time polymerase chain reaction for qualitative and quantitative CMV detection. Data on the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and plasma HIV viral load were obtained from patient records. RESULTS: CMV DNA was detected in samples of subgingival biofilm in only three individuals, two of them with chronic periodontitis (4%) and one with gingivitis (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CMV is very low both in HIV-1 patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.

Absence of cytomegalovirus in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in HIV-1 patients in Northern Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the progression of chronic periodontitis in HIV patients is poorly investigated. METHODS ELISA was used for anti-CMV antibody IgG titer measurements and real-time polymerase chain reaction for qualitative and quantitative CMV detection. Data on the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and plasma HIV viral load were obtained from patient records. RESULTS CMV DNA was detected in samples of subgingival biofilm in only three individuals, two of them with chronic periodontitis (4%) and one with gingivitis (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMV is very low both in HIV-1 patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.

Preservação de alvéolo com uso de materiais xenógenos em área estética da maxila: relato de caso / Ridge preservation using xenografts in an aesthetic area of the maxilla: Case Report

INTRODUÇÃO: Para manter as dimensões ósseas e gengivais do alvéolo até a instalação de implantes tardios o cirurgião dentista pode lançar mão de diversas técnicas de regeneração óssea guiada, dentre estas existentes a associação de um substituto ósseo com um selador do alvéolo vem apresentando resultados clínicos satisfatórios. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso clínico onde a preservação alveolar em área estética maxilar foi realizada com materiais xenógenos. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente gênero feminino com 50 anos, melanoderma, não fumante e sem alterações sistêmicas apresentou-se a pós-graduação em periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto devido a incômodo estético nos elementos 11 e 21. No exame clínico verificou comprometimento periodontal extenso nos dentes 11 e 21 sendo indicada a exodontia com reabilitação oral via implantes dentários. O tratamento proposto foram as exodontias seguidas de preservação alveolar com materiais xenógenos para posterior instalação de implantes na área enxertada. Porém a pedido da paciente e por conta das condições periodontais e estéticas as exodontia foram realizadas em momentos diferentes demonstrando um planejamento diferenciado e individualizado. CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que a associação entre o substituto ósseo com a membrana substituta de tecido mucoso conseguiu obter resultados satisfatórios na preservação e manutenção das dimensões ósseas e teciduais no caso apresentado (AU)

INTRODUCTION: To maintain the bone and gingival dimensions of the ridge until the installation of implants the dental surgeon can use several techniques of guided bone regeneration, among these the association of a bone substitute with a ridge's sealant has shown satisfactory clinical results. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to report a clinical case where ridge preservation in maxillary aesthetic area was performed with xenogenic materials. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old female patient, melanoderma, non-smoker and no systemic conditions presented at post-graduation in periodontics from the Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto due to aesthetic discomfort in elements 11 and 21. At the clinical examination it was verified that there was extensive periodontal impairment on teeth 11 and 21, that why it was indicated an oral rehabilitation with dental implants. The proposed treatment was the exodontia followed by ridge preservation with xenogenic materials for posterior implant installation in the grafted area. However, at the request of the patient and due to the periodontal and aesthetic conditions, the exodontia were performed at different times, demonstrating a different and individualized treatment planning. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the association between the bone substitute and the mucosal tissue replacement membrane was able to obtain satisfactory results in the preservation and maintenance of the bone and tissue dimensions in the presented case.tissue (AU)

Uso da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 com periodontite crônica: relato de caso / Use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis: Case report

Introdução: a Terapia Fotodinâmica Antimicrobiana (TFDa) vem sendo considerada como coadjuvante para o tratamento da doença periodontal. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico onde a TFDa foi utilizada como tratamento adjuvante a Raspagem e Alisamento Radicular (RAR). Relato de caso: Paciente do gênero masculino, 56 anos de idade, melanoderma, diabetes tipo II, apresentou-se à pós graduação em Periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto com a queixa principal de sangramento espontâneo da gengiva e hipersensibilidade generalizada. Durante o exame clínico observou-se higienização deficiente, presença de biofilme bacteriano, cálculos subgengivais, inflamação crônica, bolsas periodontais com Profundidade de Sondagem (PS) ≥ 5 mm e mobilidade dentária, sendo indicado o tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico. O tratamento foi realizado por meio de RAR da boca toda utilizando instrumentos manuais e ultrassônicos e aplicações múltiplas da TFDa como adjuvante a esse tratamento (4 episódios: dias 0, 2, 7 e 14). A TFDa foi realizada com a aplicação do corante de cloridrato de fenotiazina a 10mg/ml na profundidade total bolsa periodontal e em seguida esta foi irradiada com um laser diodo num total de 1 minuto por elemento durante 14 dias. Conclusão: A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana demonstrou que pode ser uma alternativa viável como coadjuvante no tratamento da Doença Periodontal, pois após aplicar o protocolo os parâmetros clínicos como ausência de sangramento gengival, redução na quantidade de biofilme dentário, da mobilidade e diminuição da PS com médias de 3mm puderam ser observados (AU)

Introduction: Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDTa) has been considered as a coadjuvant alternative for the treatment of periodontal disease. Objective: To report a case report wherePDTawas performed as an adjuvant treatment to Root Scaling and Planing (RSP). Case report: A 56-year-old male patient, melanoderma, type II diabetes, presented to the post-graduation in Periodontics of the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto with the main complaint of spontaneous bleeding of the gingiva and generalized hypersensitivity. During the clinical examination, deficient hygiene, presence of bacterial biofilm, subgingival calculations, chronic inflammation, periodontal pockets with Probing Depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm and dental mobility were observed, and non-surgical periodontal treatment was indicated. The treatment was carried out by RSP of the whole mouth using manual and ultrasonic instruments and multiple applications of PDTa as an adjuvant to this treatment (4 episodes: days 0, 2, 7 and 14). The PDTa was performed with the application of the 10 mg / ml phenothiazine hydrochloride dye to the total periodontal pocket depth and then it was irradiated with a diode laser in a total of 1 minute per elemento for 14 days. Conclusion: PDTa has shown that it may be a viable alternative as an adjuvant in the treatment of Periodontal Disease, since after applying the protocol clinical parameters such as absence of gingival bleeding, reduction in the amount of dental biofilm, mobility and decrease of PS with averages of 3mm could be observed. (AU)

Analysis of IL-10 in HIV-1 patients with chronic periodontitis in northern Brazil

The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of IL-10 in the gingival crevicular fluid in HIV-1 positive patients with chronic periodontitis and to compare with HIV-1 negative patients with chronic periodontitis, also to correlate clinical periodontal parameters, viral load and count of CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes (LTCD4 + and LTCD8 +). Methods: 33 patients were selected and splitted into two groups: 16 HIV-1 positive patients and 17 HIV-1 negative patients and all with chronic periodontitis. The clinical periodontal parameters recorded were: Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL); the sistemical parameters LTCD4 +, LTCD8 + and viral load were analized by the gingival crevicular fluid collected from all patients. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-10. For the statistical analysis the Student t, Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests were performed. IL-10 levels were significantly lower in both patients groups. Results: There was statistical difference betwen groups for probing depth (p=0.015) and clinical attachment level (p=0.011), no significant correlation was found among the analyzed variables. Conclusion: The IL-10 levels in HIV-1 positive patients had no influence in periodontal and medical parameters (AU)

Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV-1 patients.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the most frequent oral and systemic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients. METHODS: The study was conducted on 300 HIV-1 patients attending the Reference Unit Specialized in Special Infectious Parasitic Diseases in Belém, Pará, Brazil. RESULTS: The most prevalent oral conditions were caries (32.6%), candidiasis (32%), and periodontal disease (17%). Among the systemic manifestations, hepatitis (29.2%), gastritis (16%), arterial hypertension (14.7%), and tuberculosis (12%) were the most commonly observed. CONCLUSIONS: We here reported on the most prevalent oral and systemic conditions in HIV-1-positive patients. The healthcare professional's knowledge of the various manifestations among these patients is fundamental to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment, and for improving the quality of life of these patients.

Genetic Autosomal Dominant Disorders: A Knowledge Review / Trastornos Autosómicos Dominantes: Una Revisión de los Conocimientos

Genetic disorders occur by excess or absence of chromosomal material, and the consequence of these changes is reflected in morphological and physiological changes. Autosomal disorders, which have dominant inheritance, as cleidocranial dysostosis, Craniofacial syndrome Apert, Treacher Collins and Achondroplasia have peculiar and similar characteristics. Because of their implications in the dental field, the aim of this review is to report on dysostoses, through exposure of general clinical factors and highlighting the signs in the oral cavity. Articles were selected from Lilacs, PubMed and Bireme databases, included in the year 2007­2014, and the keywords were: cleidocranial dysplasia, craniofacial dysostosis, mandibulofacial dysostosis, dysostosis and oral. Alterations of maxillofacial bones and craniofacial are well documented in the literature, but studies reporting an association between treatment odontologic and dysostoses are scarce. In conclusion, Oral pathological manifestations developed cause difficulty in speech, chewing, breathing, social involvement, and in a general perspective, psychological impairment and physical limitations.

Las enfermedades genéticas se producen debido a un exceso o ausencia de material cromosómico, y la consecuencia de estos cambios se refleja en los cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos. Trastornos autosómicos dominantes que tienen herencia dominante, como la disostosis cleidocraneal, el síndrome craneofacial de Apert, Treacher Collins y acondroplasia tiene características peculiares y similares. Debido a sus implicaciones en el campo de la odontología, el objetivo de esta revisión es hablar, a través de la exposición de los factores clínicos y generales, destacando los signos en la cavidad oral. Se seleccionaron los artículos de las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y BIREME, incluyendo los años 2007-2014, y las palabras clave fueron: displasia cleidocraneal, craneofacial mandibulofacial disostosis, disostosis y oral. Los cambios de huesos maxilofaciales y craneofaciales están bien documentados en la literatura, pero los estudios que informaron una asociación entre el tratamiento dental y disostosis son escasos. En conclusion, las manifestaciones orales son causas de dificultades del habla, masticación, respiración y la participación social.

Fratura de tuberosidade de maxila intercorrente à extração de terceiro molar superior: relato de caso clínico / Maxillary tuberosity fracture intercurrent to extraction of upper third molar: case report

A exodontia de terceiros molares superiores consiste num procedimento cirúrgico que requer, além de destreza manual do cirurgião, um conhecimento básico acerca dos acidentes e/ou complicações decorrente da remoção desses elementos dentais. Neste trabalho os autores realizaram uma breve revisão de literatura acerca das fraturas da tuberosidade maxilar, relatando um caso clínico de fratura tuberositária decorrente da extração de um terceiro molar superior em um paciente atendido na clínica odontológica do CESUPA, Belém/PA, tratado através de redução cruenta e Fixação Interna Rígida (FIR) dos fragmentos. Os autores realizaram ainda uma discussão sobre as abordagens terapêuticas mais apropriadas para tal complicação, que preconizam a manutenção do fragmento e sua estabilização. O tratamento cirúrgico empregado no caso clínico supracitado foi a redução e fixação interna rígida com placas e parafusos de titânio sistema 1.5mm, que permitiu a conservação do bloco ósseo fraturado levando em consideração a necessidade de uma futura reabilitação protética estável

The objective was to report a case of fracture of the maxillary tuberosity after attempted extraction of the third right upper molar. The patient for the case studieds was a male, X years who attended the emergency sector of the Dental Clinic CESUPA, Belém / PA referred to by another professional who, in an attempt to remove the 3rd molar (18), resulted in a fractured of the maxillary tuberosity. The conduct was based on the bloody reduction and rigid internal fixation of the fragment. As a conclusion it can be said that the conservative treatment with titanium plate and screws 1.5mm system is the most accepted therapeutic measure due regard to the possibility of future rehabilitation prosthesis stable

Perfil dos pacientes com necessidades especiais de uma clínica de odontopediatria / Profile of special needs patients at a pediatric dentistry clinic

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais atendidos na Clínica de Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo, realizado no período de março de 2007 a dezembro de 2009, analisando 137 prontuários, dos quais se extraíram os seguintes dados: gênero, idade, procedência, história médica atual e pregressa, tipo de necessidades especiais e principais doenças bucais. Aplicou-se a estatística descritiva, tabela unidimensional de frequência e elaboraram-se gráficos dos resultados. Resultados: Encontraram-se 77 (56,2%) pacientes do gênero masculino, com média de idade de 8,1 anos; 118 (86,2%) residentes na capital do Estado do Pará; 21 (15,3%) com problemas respiratórios; 37 (27,3%) com alguma alergia a medicamentos e 54 (39,4%) fazendo uso de medicamento controlado. Quanto ao tipo de necessidade especial, verificou-se que 29 (28,3%) apresentaram atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, e a principal doença bucal encontrada foi a cárie, atingindo 84 (61,3%) indivíduos. Conclusão: O perfil avaliado dos pacientes com necessidades especiais caracteriza-se por pacientes residentes na capital do Estado do Pará, predominância de crianças do sexo masculino, portadores de atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, com idade média de 8,1 anos, apresentando, principalmente, cárie.

Objective: To assess the characteristics of special needs patients assisted at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará. Methods: A descriptive observational study conducted from March 2007 to December 2009, assessing 137 records of which were extracted the following data: gender, age, origin, current and past medical history, type of special needs and major oral diseases. We applied descriptive statistics, one-dimensional frequency table and prepared graphs of the results. Results: We found 77 (56.2%) male patients, with mean age of 8.1 years; 118 (86.2%) living in the state capital of Para, 21 (15.3%) with respiratory problems, 37 (27.3%) with some allergy to medications and 54 (39.4%) making use of controlled drugs. Regarding the type of special need, we observed that 29 (28.3%) had neurologic and psychomotor delay and the primary oral disease found was dental caries, affecting 84 (61.3%) subjects. Conclusion: The assessed profile of patients with special needs is characterized by patients residing in the state capital of Para, with predominance of male children, with neurologic and psychomotor delay, with a mean age of 8.1 years, presenting mainly caries.

Recobrimento radicular pela técnica de Zucchelli e De Sanctis / Root covering by the technical Zucchelli and De Sanctis

A recessão gengival é encontrada com certa frequência na periodontia. Clinicamente, apresenta-se pela exposição radicular causada por um deslocamento apical da posição da gengiva em relação à junção cemento/esmalte. A recessão pode ser localizada, afetando apenas um dente ou grupo de dentes ou generalizada, ocorrendo em toda a boca. Sua etiologia está relacionada a vários fatores, incluindo placa bacteriana, posição dos dentes na arcada, escovação errônea, oclusão traumática, inserção alta de freios ou inserções musculares, área de gengiva estreita e pressão labial, entre outros. Uma meta do tratamento periodontal é regenerar a perda do aparelho de inserção dos dentes. Portanto, tornou--se evidente, durante a última década, que diversos procedimentos regenerativos têm potencial para corrigir não só a recessão gengival, pelo aumento da largura e altura da gengiva inserida ou queratinizada, como também obter recobrimento radicular parcial ou completo. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um relato de caso de recobrimento radicular de múltiplas recessões em áreas estéticas pela técnica de Zucchelli e De Sanctis.

Gingival recession is a common finding in periodontics. Clinically, it consists of root exposure caused by apical displacement of the gingival margin in the cement-enamel junction. Recession may be localized, affecting only a tooth or group of teeth, or widespread, affecting the entire mouth. Its etiology is related to several factors, such as bacterial plaque, position of the teeth in the arch, incorrect brushing, traumatic occlusion, high frenum insertion or muscle insertions, narrow gingival area and lip pressure, among others. The goal of periodontal treatment is to regenerate the periodontium. Therefore, it became evident during the last decade that several procedures have the potential to regenerate not only gingival recession by increasing the width and height of the inserted or keratinized gums, but also to achieve partial or full root coverage. In this context, the objective of this work is to present a case report of the coverage of multiple recessions in aesthetic areas by the Zucchelli and De Sanctis technique.

Perfl dos pacientes sob terapia intensiva com pneumonia nosocomial: principais agentes etiológicos / Patients profile under intensive care with nosocomial pneumonia: key etiological agents

O ambiente hospitalar é inevitavelmente um grande reservatório de patógenos virulentos e oportunistas, que podem ser transmitidos ao indivíduo por via endógena e, assim, desencadear infecções respiratórias, principalmente a pneumonia, que acomete comumente os pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). No período de janeiro de 2009 a janeiro de 2010, foram acompanhados 73 pacientes com pneumonia nosocomial internados nas UTIs - adulto, pediátrica e Centro de Queimados - do Hospital Metropolitano de Urgência e Emergência (HMUE), em Belém - PA, com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil desses pacientes e os principais agentes infecciosos envolvidos na infecção respiratória. Após o estudo, verificou-se uma idade média de 38,7 anos, sendo 87,7% do gênero masculino. A partir do lavado broncoalveolar, da hemocultura e da secreção traqueal, foram obtidas culturas positivas e 17 tipos de bactérias diferentes foram isolados, sendo Staphylococcus aureus o agente infeccioso mais frequente nas infecções nosocomiais (30,7%). Considerando que na microbiota normal, patógenos potencialmente respiratórios - como Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e alguns bacilos gram-negativos - podem colonizar o biofilme bucal, pode-se ressaltar que os cuidados odontológicos em pacientes sob terapia intensiva são essenciais como parte integrante da saúde geral, evitando agravos sistêmicos.

The hospital environment is inevitably a large reservoir of virulent and opportunistic pathogens, which can be transmitted via the individual endogenous. Which in turn can trigger respiratory infections, especially pneumonia, which commonly affects patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). From January 2009 to January 2010 were followed 73 patients with nosocomial pneumonia hospitalized in ICU adult and pediatric burn center of the Metropolitan Hospital Emergency and Emergency-HMUE Belém - Pará in order to evaluate the profile of these patients and main infectious agents involved in respiratory infection. After the study it was found that the average age was 38.7 years and 87.7% were males. From broncoalveolar lavage, blood culture and tracheal aspirate positive culture was obtained and 17 kinds of different bacteria were isolated, Staphylococcus aureus the most frequent infectious agent in nosocomial infections (30.7%). Whereas the normal flora potential respiratory pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some gram-negative bacilli can colonize the oral biofilm, may be noted that dental care for patients under intensive therapy is essential as part of general health, preventing systemic diseases.

Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais e extratos de plantas da região amazônica sobre cepa de Candida albicans / In vitro evaluation of the anti-fungii activity of essential oils and plant extracts present in the amazon region about the strain of Candida albicans

A candidíase é uma doença fúngica oportunista causada pela proliferação de espécies de Candida, principalmente Candida albicans, sendo esta a espécie mais patogênica em humanos. Muitos antifúngicos existentes no mercado apresentam efeitos colaterais indesejáveis ou podem induzir a resistência fúngica, principalmente em indivíduos imunodeprimidos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro a atividade antifúngica de óleos e extratos vegetais extraídos de plantas da região Amazônica e determinar a concentração inibitória mínima das espécies que apresentaram atividade antifúngica frente à cepa padrão de Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). A atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais Copaifera multijuga, Carapa guianenses, Piper aduncum e Piper hispidinervum foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido em diluições de 32 a 2%, para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima. Os extratos de Annona glabra, Azadiractha indica, Bryophyllum calycinum, Eleutherine plicata, Mammea americana, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum foram testados nas concentrações de 500, 250, 125 e 62,5 mg.mL-1 e a atividade antifúngica foi verificada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido, utilizando-se discos de papel filtro. Os óleos testados não apresentaram efeito antifúngico sobre a cepa de Candida albicans e, dos extratos testados, somente os de Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum apresentaram atividade antifúngica, com concentração inibitória mínima, respectivamente, de 250, 125 e 62,5 mg.mL-1. A partir dos resultados apresentados, verificou-se que os extratos de Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum apresentam potencial efeito inibitório para crescimento de Candida albicans, servindo de guia para a seleção de plantas com atividades antifúngicas para futuros trabalhos de âmbito toxicológico e farmacológico.

Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungus disease caused by the proliferation of Candida species, mainly Candida albicans, what seems to be the most pathogenic one to humans. Several anti-fungii drugs available in the market present undesirable side effects or develop resistance, mainly in immune-depressed individuals. Hence, the aim of this paper was to evaluate in vitro the anti-fungii activity of vegetal oils and extracts present in the Amazon region and to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of such species that have presented anti-fungii activity against the pattern strain of Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). The anti-fungii activity of the essential oils Copaifera multijuga, Carapa guianenses, Piper aduncum and Piper hispidinervum was determined through the method of difusion in a solid means and in dilutions of 32 to 2% in order to determine its minimal inhibitory concentration. The extracts Annona glabra, Azadiractha indica, Bryophyllum calycinum, Eleutherine plicata, Mammea americana, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum have been tested under the concentrations of 500, 250, 125 and 62,5 mg.mL-1 and the anti-fungii activity was determined through the method of difusion in a solid means using discs of flter paper. The tested oils did not present any anti-fungii effect on the strain of Candida albicans and, from the extracts tested, only Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum have presented anti-fungii activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations, respectively, 250, 125 and 62,5 mg.mL-1. With the results presented, the extracts of Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum present a potential inhibitory effect to the growth of Candida albicans, acting as a guide for the selection of plants with anti-fungii activities for further papers on a toxicologic and pharmacologic.

Deficiência da enzima G6PD em pacientes com paralisia cerebral / G6PD deficiency among patient with cerebral palsy

A icterícia neonatal severa é a principal causa da paralisia cerebral do tipo atetoide e pode ser decorrente da deficiência de uma enzima chamada Glicose-6-Fosfato-Desidrogenase (G6PD). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar laboratorialmente a deficiência de G6PD em pacientes com paralisia cerebral e a história clínica de icterícia ou kernicterus, a fim de verificar uma possível relação entre a deficiência dessa enzima e a incidência de paralisia cerebral. Foram incluídos no estudo, pacientes com paralisia cerebral e história clínica de icterícia ou kernicterus. Após o aceite, os pacientes foram submetidos a exames de sangue para avaliar a deficiência de G6PD. A análise das amostras foi realizada pelo método enzimático, de acordo com o princípio colorimétrico, que consiste na mistura por inversão das amostras e reagentes (glicose 5%, nitritode sódio 1,25% e azul de metileno), ficando em banho-maria por três horas a 37 °C. Em seguida, retirou-se 0,1 mL do sedimento, acrescentaram-se 10 mL de água destilada e fez-se a leitura. Dos20 pacientes pré-selecionados, quatro (20%) não participaram, pois estavam doentes no momento da coleta. Dos 16 pacientes que foram submetidos ao exame de sangue, quatro (25%) tiveram resultadopositivo para deficiência de G6PD. Baseado nos resultados desta pesquisa, pode-se concluir que a deficiência de G6PD é um fator predisponente à paralisia cerebral e o cirurgião-dentista deve terprecaução, principalmente quanto à prescrição de medicamentos de risco para o desenvolvimento de anemia severa em pacientes com deficiência de G6PD.

Neo-birth severe jaundice is the main cause for cerebral palsy of the athetoid type and may be due to the deficiency of an enzyme called Glicosis-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase (G6PD). This paper aimed to evaluate, in laboratory, the deficiency of G6PD in patients with cerebral palsy in order to enable a better action by the surgeon-dentist, besides tutoring and furnishing to the patient?s companion a diagnosis of G6PD deficiency, a list of medicines which may be avoided due to anemia risk. It was included, in this paper with cerebral palsy and clinical record of jaundice or kernicterus. After agreement, patients underwent blood examination in order to evaluate G6PD deficiency. Sample analysis was performed by the enzymatic, according to the calorimetric principlewhich consists in the mixture by inversion of samples and reagents (glucose 5%, sodium nitrite 1.25%) e methylene blue in double boiling for three hours at 37 °C and, right after, it was taken 0.1 mL of the sediment, added 10 mL of distilled water and the records were measured. Fromthe 20 patients who have been pre-selected, 4 (25%) did not participate for they were sick at the moment of collection; and from the 16 patients who underwent blood examination, 4 (25%) were positive for G6PD deficiency. Based on results of this research it may be concluded that G6PD deficiency is a factor that prepares to cerebral palsy and the surgeon-dentist shall be precautious when prescribe medicines with risk to development anemia in patient with cerebral palsy.